Evolution And How Does It Happen - 1064 Words

Andrew Briseno Yang Biology XL Period 3 5/3/15 Evolution Research Paper What is evolution and how does it happen? There are two ways of evolution taking place. There is microevolution and macroevolution. Microevolution is gene frequency. Macroevolution is speciation. There are two types of barriers that can be formed that would cause speciation to occur. Allopatric speciation is a physical barrier that separates a species long enough for speciation, such as a dam that was built. Sympatric speciation is speciation occurs without a geographic separation, such a mutation that caused a bird to sing a different song. Mutation can happen in many different ways. There is chromosomal alterations such as deletion, duplication, inversion,†¦show more content†¦Competition is when organisms compete for resources. Not all organisms are created equal. This differences in the organism s fitness is called differential in fitness. How does this apply to humans? Humans are mutating right now. Some are caused by genes, while some are caused by the environment. Dwa rfism is usually caused by genes, and will make the person small in stature. Osteoporosis is usually caused by the environment, and will the person s bones weak and brittle. Dwarfism is usually caused by genes. Achondroplasia is a skeletal condition which causes dwarfism. Some adult heights were recorded as short as 64 cm. Some Dwarfs can be proportionate or disproportionate. This is usually because of the inhibition of the development of bones. Dwarfism is caused by the FGFR3 gene. A person with achondroplasia and with two average-size parents received one mutated copy of the gene and one normal copy of the gene. A person with achondroplasia may pass along either a mutated or normal gene to their own children. There is no real, all around treatment, due to the skeletal disorders, but in certain cases of pituitary dwarfism, it can be treated by giving human growth hormone. Since the bones grow if different ways, sometimes surgeries that can correct some of the displacement of the bones are needed. This is usually done with limbs and mainly the spinal cord. Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle, usually because the wear and tear of