Protestant Reformation vs Scientific Revolution free essay sample

When Martin Luther didn’t want to believe what the church tells him in the Protestant Reformation, and how Galileo Galilei didn’t want to believe Ptolemy’s observations because, they were wrong. In the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther rejected the Church’s statement that doing good deed would give you salvation, he held the Bible up as the sole source of religion, and he also rejected that the church hierarchy and priests had no special power. He didn’t allow confessions, pilgrimages, and prayer to saints, he also shortened the elaborate ritual of the mass and emphasized the sermon. The detail that showed that Martin Luther wanted change was that he rejected five of the seven sacraments because, they weren’t in the bible. The indulgences that he banned that was enforced by Johann Tetzel, which lessened the time a soul would stay in Purgatory, Martin Luther banned. Galileo found a huge discovery after training the sky with a telescope all night, that would prove the church wrong once again like Martine Luther did in the Protestant Reformation. We will write a custom essay sample on Protestant Reformation vs Scientific Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He discovered that the Church’s and Ptolemy’s views of the universe was wrong. Galileo Galilei found out that the universe was heliocentric, or a sun centered universe. It is said that the Protestant Reformation influenced the Scientific Revolution in some ways. It might have been that Martin Luther proved the church wrong biblically. I believe once people heard about Martin searching for his own answers and them being granted, made Galileo Galilei looked for his own. In 1609, Galileo trained his telescope across the night sky and found something that would change everyone’s lives forever. Until the 1500’s, scholars accepted the theory of Ptolemy. He once said that the earth was the center of the universe. They believed him because, his theories eemed to agree with common sense, and it also matched the teachings of the church. In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus a Polish Scholar published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. Which stated his observations and beliefs on the universe. He provided evidence which supported Galileo’s theories. As you can see there weren’t many ways they were alike, and how they influenced each other but, they were the most important reasons. I believe that if Martin Luther didn’t break apart from the church and search for his own answers, we would have still probably believed that the earth was the center of the universe until a later time.

Free Essays on Mesoamerica

The cultural area known as Mesoamerica covers most of Southern Mexico and Central America. It ¡Ã‚ ¯s topography and ecology include semi arid deserts in the north, mountainous terrains and steamy rainforests in the South. To the East lies the Gulf coast and the Yucatan peninsula, a limestone jetty with a system of underground rivers, where water is scarce. It shares some distinct cultural traits that were disseminated by what is known as the Olmec of the Gulf Coast. The Olmecs (1000 - 400 B.C.) are considered  ¡Ã‚ °the mother culture ¡Ã‚ ± because they were the first people to have developed a centralized government. They were the first long-distance traders of Mesoamerica and apparently spread  ¡Ã‚ °civilization ¡Ã‚ ± as well as their trade goods. They had a strong influence on peoples as far south as Guatemala and as far east as the Zapotec center of Monte Alban. They were the first to create the famous Mesoamerican ballgame which later was included in the cosmology of the Maya, the Teotihuacanos, the Zapotecs, the Mixtecs, the Toltecs, and later the Aztecs or Mexica. It is to them that scholars have attempted to link the Maya and Central Mexican Calendars as well as early writing. The calendric system of the Maya and of Central Mexico are based on a numeric system that included the concept of zero. Zeros mark completion and are part of a cycle. The calendar is really a calendric system with a 360 day solar count with 18 months containing 20 days each. Each day has its own name. At the end of the 18 months is one small month with 5 days of fear and calamity. This was intermeshed with a 260 day ritual calendar of 20 day names and 13 numbers. These two calendars created what is known as the calendar round that functioned like two circular gears that pushed time in a spiral motion. The calendar round does not repeat any of its combination of days for a period of 52 years. The Aztecs renewed their cycle with a  ¡Ã‚ °new fire ri... Free Essays on Mesoamerica Free Essays on Mesoamerica The cultural area known as Mesoamerica covers most of Southern Mexico and Central America. It’s topography and ecology include semi arid deserts in the north, mountainous terrains and steamy rainforests in the South. To the East lies the Gulf coast and the Yucatan peninsula, a limestone jetty with a system of underground rivers, where water is scarce. It shares some distinct cultural traits that were disseminated by what is known as the Olmec of the Gulf Coast. The Olmecs (1000 - 400 B.C.) are considered â€Å"the mother culture† because they were the first people to have developed a centralized government. They were the first long-distance traders of Mesoamerica and apparently spread â€Å"civilization† as well as their trade goods. They had a strong influence on peoples as far south as Guatemala and as far east as the Zapotec center of Monte Alban. They were the first to create the famous Mesoamerican ballgame which later was included in the cosmology of the Maya, the Teotihuacanos, the Zapotecs, the Mixtecs, the Toltecs, and later the Aztecs or Mexica. It is to them that scholars have attempted to link the Maya and Central Mexican Calendars as well as early writing. The calendric system of the Maya and of Central Mexico are based on a numeric system that included the concept of zero. Zeros mark completion and are part of a cycle. The calendar is really a calendric system with a 360 day solar count with 18 months containing 20 days each. Each day has its own name. At the end of the 18 months is one small month with 5 days of fear and calamity. This was intermeshed with a 260 day ritual calendar of 20 day names and 13 numbers. These two calendars created what is known as the calendar round that functioned like two circular gears that pushed time in a spiral motion. The calendar round does not repeat any of its combination of days for a period of 52 years. The Aztecs renewed their cycle with a â€Å"new fire ritualï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Mesoamerica The cultural area known as Mesoamerica covers most of Southern Mexico and Central America. It ¡Ã‚ ¯s topography and ecology include semi arid deserts in the north, mountainous terrains and steamy rainforests in the South. To the East lies the Gulf coast and the Yucatan peninsula, a limestone jetty with a system of underground rivers, where water is scarce. It shares some distinct cultural traits that were disseminated by what is known as the Olmec of the Gulf Coast. The Olmecs (1000 - 400 B.C.) are considered  ¡Ã‚ °the mother culture ¡Ã‚ ± because they were the first people to have developed a centralized government. They were the first long-distance traders of Mesoamerica and apparently spread  ¡Ã‚ °civilization ¡Ã‚ ± as well as their trade goods. They had a strong influence on peoples as far south as Guatemala and as far east as the Zapotec center of Monte Alban. They were the first to create the famous Mesoamerican ballgame which later was included in the cosmology of the Maya, the Teotihuacanos, the Zapotecs, the Mixtecs, the Toltecs, and later the Aztecs or Mexica. It is to them that scholars have attempted to link the Maya and Central Mexican Calendars as well as early writing. The calendric system of the Maya and of Central Mexico are based on a numeric system that included the concept of zero. Zeros mark completion and are part of a cycle. The calendar is really a calendric system with a 360 day solar count with 18 months containing 20 days each. Each day has its own name. At the end of the 18 months is one small month with 5 days of fear and calamity. This was intermeshed with a 260 day ritual calendar of 20 day names and 13 numbers. These two calendars created what is known as the calendar round that functioned like two circular gears that pushed time in a spiral motion. The calendar round does not repeat any of its combination of days for a period of 52 years. The Aztecs renewed their cycle with a  ¡Ã‚ °new fire ri...

Avocado Leaf Plasticity Essay Example for Free

Avocado Leaf Plasticity Essay INTRODUCTION: Phenotypic plasticity, or differing phenotypes from one genotype in different environmental conditions, is a way for sessile organisms to adapt to changing environmental conditions (Valladares et al., 2007). Plasticity was expected to be abundant, however, it did not occur as often in nature due to resource limitations and environmental stress (Valladares et al., 2007). An experiment by Matos tested the phenotypic plasticity to light availability in shade and sun leaves of coffee trees (Matos et al. , 2009). Their research indicated that â€Å"compared [to] sun leaves, shade leaves had a lower stomatal density, a thinner palisade mesophyll, a higher specific leaf area, and improved light capture†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Matos et al., 2009). The sun leaves were described as â€Å"generally thicker with an enhanced quantity of palisade mesophyll† (Matos et al., 2009). Our objective was the presence of phenotypic plasticity in avocado trees based on the differences in the morphology of shade and sun leaves. In our study, we asked whether there is a difference in surface area, length-to-width ratio, mass, specific leaf mass, and color between shade leaves and sun leaves in avocado trees. We hypothesized that there would be no significant differences in surface area, length-to-width ratio, mass, specific leaf mass, and color between shade leaves and sun leaves. METHODS: We collected our seventy samples of avocado tree (Persea americana) leaves, in equal amounts of sun and shade leaves, at an avocado tree grove located north of Building 3 and University Drive at Cal Poly Pomona on Thursday, October 24, 2013 at 9:00 am. They were randomly and interspersedly collected throughout the grove. We split the grove into five areas, split into five teams of two, and was assigned to one of the five areas. Each team picked a number for the trees in their region and a random number was selected from a random number table to select a tree corresponding to that number. A random number table was used to pick the corresponding quadrant, branch, and leaf.  This process was done twice on each tree in the understory for shade leaves, and in the canopy for sun leaves. Each leaf was measured for its surface area, length-to-width ratio, mass, specific leaf mass, and color. Surface area was measured by a leaf area meter in squared centimeters. Length-to-width ratio was measured by measuring the length (vertically along the bridge of the leaf) and the width (horizontally on the widest part of the leaf) with a ruler in centimeters, and dividing the length by the width. Mass was calculated by a balance in grams. Specific leaf mass (thickness) was measured by dividing the mass by its surface area in grams per squared centimeter. Color was measured by having three reference leaves provided by the instructor, indicating light (L), medium (M), and dark (D) leaves and compared our collected leaves. After recording all of the data, these data were then input into a statistical program called StatCat to determine normality through a normality test. The data for surface area, length-to-width ratio, mass, and specific leaf mass for sun and shade leaves were both normal, therefore, we chose a paired sample t-test for all of them. A normality test was not needed for color for sun and shade leaves due to it being a nominal scale data. The number of light, medium, and dark shade leaves were tallied up according to color, and the same was done for the sun leaves. A contingency table was made in Excel, and used in StatCat to test our hypothesis. The paired sample t-tests were also done through StatCat, which then gave us the appropriate results to test our hypotheses. RESULTS: Shade leaves had a significantly larger surface area than sun leaves (t = -3.7313, P = 0.00069; Table 1). Shade leaves had a significantly larger length-to-width ratio than sun leaves (t = -2.7162, P = 0.01031). Shade leaves had no significant difference in mass than sun leaves (t = -1.4871, P = 0.1462). Shade leaves had a significantly smaller specific leaf mass than sun leaves (t = 5.82093, P = 1.5Ãâ€"10-6). Shade leaves were significantly darker than sun leaves (X2 = 18.417, P = 0.0001). Avocado Leaf Plasticity. (2018, Oct 27).

THE IMPACT OF PLANNING POLICIES FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES WILL OPTIMIZE Essay

THE IMPACT OF PLANNING POLICIES FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES WILL OPTIMIZE THE SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM FOR LONDON RESIDENTS - Essay Example Tourism as a manifestation of leisure presupposes a socioeconomic milieu in which money and time-away-from-work can be accumulated to be spent at will. Tourism as a form of mobility implies that culturally sanctioned reasons exist for leaving home to travel. Tourism as an organized industry, catering to a clientele who have time and money and want to spend them, pleasurably, in leisured mobility or migration. Tourism in the modal sense is one of a range of choices, or styles, of vacation or recreation. Tourist visits are ritualized breaks in routine that define and relieve the ordinary. POSITIVE SOCIO-CULTURAL EFFECTS OF THE LONDON 2012 OLYMPIC GAMES The first positive socio-cultural impact is that tourism is a force for peace. The tourists who will travel to London for the Olympic Games will be won over by the residents of London. The close interaction with people from different countries will develop mutual sympathy and understanding and reduce their racial prejudices. This close interaction and cooperation will lead to world understanding and world peace. The second positive socio-cultural impact is that the London Games of 2012 will strengthen local communities. The local residents will be involved as volunteers and the celebration of festivals will lead to cultural rejuvenation. The tourist interest for festivals will enrich the cultural exchange between the participants. Moreover, the thousands of jobs created by tourism can act as a vital incentive to reduce emigration from rural areas. The third positive socio-cultural impact is that the facilities developed for the tourism-related Olympic Games benefit local residents d uring and after the Games.

Impact of Inflation in World Economics Dissertation

Impact of Inflation in World Economics - Dissertation Example Placing in the most generic term, inflation within an economy diminishes the value of money as a result of which the common people find it difficult to survive. Inflation and growth are such two terms of the economy that are comprehensively incompatible and can never be anticipated to meet (Economy Watch, 2011). The present research paper has been designed to critically evaluate the impact of inflation upon the Asian economies. The reason for selecting the Asian economies for study is the excessively elevating rate of inflation as compared to the rest of the world during the past a few years. The following demonstration of the inflation rate has led to the undertaking of present research. The rates of inflation depicted in the figure are those of the recent period. Source: (Trading Economics, 2011). The figure is a clear representation of the rate of inflation in various countries of the world inclusive of the western countries, European countries, Australia and the major Asian count ries in terms of economic growth and also population. It is evident from the figure that rate of inflation in India and China is the highest in the entire world in recent times. This is the basis of the present research that will be concerned with finding the causes of inflation along with its effects and most importantly finding an effective way of managing inflation. 2.0 Causes of Inflation in Asian Economies According to a special report from the Asian Development Bank (2008a), during the period from the year 2007 to 2008, both structural as well as cyclical factors have contributed towards the escalating prices of food products in Asia. Before that period, major cereal stocks in the global market were reducing radically. The harsh rate of failing stock was a clear indication that the world economy had been becoming incapable of meeting up the rate of consumption (ESCAP, 2011). As a result of this, the ratio of stock-to-use had been falling massively, before it reached one of its lowest rates during the same period of 2007-2008 as shown in the figure below: Source: (Asian Development Bank, 2011). The percentage figures in the above figure had been shown with respect to three important cereals: corn, wheat and rice. Various structural factors that have been influencing the increasing rate of food prices during the period 2007-2008 are observed to be continuing their impacts upon the present episode of ever increasing food prices within the Asian economies. The factors relevant on the demand-side of the economies are inclusive of huge rate of growth in population figures, sturdy rate of growth in people’s income within the emerging economies and varying diet habits of the people from staple items of food towards meat and several other processed foods. Increased consumption of processed food items requires huge amount of feedstock and raw materials. The factors in the supply side that contributes towards increased rate of inflation are the enhanced util isation of food grains, primarily rapeseed oil and corns for the purpose of producing biofuel; alteration of the agricultural lands in order to be utilised for business purposes; enhanced shortage of resources for irrigation; lower production of crops; increasing costs of raw materials; and

Compare and Contrast Television Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Television Essay There are so many TV’s to choose from now days it is so hard to pick the right one. Maybe this guide will help you out. The first color TV was introduced into the world in the year of 1966. It has taken 25 yrs for a mass acceptance. In today’s society majority of the homes have the up to date television. The newer versions of TV’S are a better choice to make when picking out a TV. Here are list of some web sites for you to look at before buying any TV’s. http://shop. panasonic. com, www. bestbuy. com, www. rca. com. Television sets in the early nineties were pretty cool then even though a TV had a price tag of: $750 for a 1997 28 inch Samsung. The graphic was ok but still needed so much work on it to make it clearer. The other thing about the TV’s back then is it’s bulky and not to mention heavy. There are great advantages to having a TV in the 90’s. You can hook up RCA jacks to use a DVD player or video games. People in the 90’s gave someone a new TV for a gift for Christmas or birthday or even a graduation present. In the year of 2012 there are so many ways to see the world of televisions. One of the ways is through the TV set of Panasonic VIERA HDTV. One plus is that they have a new sleek and thin look to them not to mention the price tag of more or less than $2,999. 99. New up to date Graphics are so exciting. There are taking the original 2D and turning it into 3D eye popping full high definition. Smart phones in the last 5 years and now for the year of 2012 there is a smart TV out there called : SMART VIERAÂ ® 55 Class WT50 Series Full HD 3D LED HDTV (54. 6 Diag. ). These TV’s still have some of the basics that are on TV. You can still plug RCA jacks and also hook up cables for game playing. You can also give these TV’s as Christmas, birthday, wedding, or even a graduation present. Knowing these facts about televisions you should have enough confidence to go out and buy a new TV. Even go to a goodwill store and get a good used TV there. If you were to go out and buy a new one you should get a newer model like the new 2012 models so you can get the most up to date technology. With the older TV’s being obsolete due to the technology in the year 2012. The pawn shops don’t even take them . with them being older than the year 2001. TV’s are like cars they are always changing over a year’s time. There are so many TV’s to choose from now days it is so hard to pick the right one. You just have to keep looking for the right information for your own needs not everyone has the same needs that is also why there is so many models of TV’S. The way the technology is increasing and moving forward in this short amount of time make you wonder how the next 20 years of technology is going towards.

Essay --

When operating a business it is essential that a business analyses where it stand in a market in the present moment as they are then able to grasp at possible enhancements which could be made in order to successfully improve their products or services. It is also important that a business is able keep up with today’s always changing laws and legislations which through the use of the information they are able to adjust to such changes. SWOT analysis is a method used by organisations to help them analysis, evaluate and take into account different factors within and outside the organisations which can have an influence on their product. SWOT stands for Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It enables businesses to clearly form a logical point of view on a products marketing state. For instance using my business plan to re-launch the Zune I can see that the strength and weaknesses of the business would be factors that are internal such as cost production, quality and pricing. While the opportunities and threats would be the external relating to factors such as competitors, audience, trends and politics. The table below illustrates how SWOT would apply to my business plan: Strength (Internal) The strengths are the advantages that the company has which enable it to operate with little or no problems. In the case of Microsoft one advantage is that it has been in the market for a long time and has a wide experience in marketing. Its reputation is also another strength as it is a well known brand name therefore customers are more likely to prefer their products as they will expect a high quality product. The main strength that Microsoft has is its financial position since the company is worth billions of pounds, this will... ...control in the short-run a good example being minimum wage in the UK which the company has no control over, however the company can respond to that change by shifting its major operations in UK to a country like China where minimum wages are not as high compared to the UK wage regulations. That response would help reduce production cost. Boston matrix helped businesses in assessing when to invest largely in prolonging their products for example at a star category more funds are needed to remain in the market where both market share and market growth are at their peak. If not properly checked it could fall into the cow cash category. It is also found that the product life cycle concept assist businesses in knowing at what stage the product stands. Therefore the firm is able to know when to invest in order to extend product’s life or rather to avoid decline stage.